内容简介

MATLAB是 MathWorks公司推出的高能数值计算和可视化软件，它集数值计算、矩阵运算和图形可视化于一体，方便地应用于算法开发、数据采集、数学建模、科学计算、系统仿真、数据分析等方面。本书基于R2020a版本，由浅入深且系统地介绍了MATLAB应用。全书共13章，内容涉及初识MATLAB、基础知识、向量与矩阵、矩阵运算、数学函数、数据绘图、图形处理、程序设计、数值计算、符号计算、句柄图形、输入与输出、 Simulink仿真。全书语言通俗易懂，内容丰富实；突出以实例为中心的特点，通过大量的实例，实现理论与实践的结合，可以帮助读者快速、轻松地掌握 MATLAB。

目录

第1 章 初识MATLAB ····································································································.11.1 MATLAB 的工作环境 ······························································································.21.1.1 操作界面 ·····································································································.21.1.2 当前文件夹窗口 ····························································································.21.1.3 命令行窗口 ··································································································.31.1.4 工作区窗口 ··································································································.51.2 通用命令 ··············································································································.61.2.1 常用命令 ·····································································································.61.2.2 快捷键 ········································································································.61.2.3 标点符号的含义 ····························································································.71.3 搜索路径设置 ········································································································.71.4 MATLAB 的帮助系统 ······························································································.91.4.1 使用帮助命令 ·······························································································.91.4.2 帮助导航系统 ·····························································································.101.4.3 示例程序的帮助系统 ····················································································.111.5 MATLAB 示例 ·····································································································.111.6 本章小结 ············································································································.12第2 章 基础知识 ···········································································································.132.1 基本概念 ············································································································.142.1.1 常量和变量 ································································································.152.1.2 数组、矩阵、标量与向量 ··············································································.152.1.3 命令与函数 ································································································.162.1.4 表达式与语句 ·····························································································.172.2 数据类型 ············································································································.172.2.1 数值类型 ···································································································.182.2.2 逻辑类型 ···································································································.202.2.3 字符和字符串 ·····························································································.202.2.4 结构体类型 ································································································.202.2.5 单元数组类型 ·····························································································.23MATLAB R2020a 入门、精通与实战VI2.2.6 函数句柄 ···································································································.242.3 运算符 ···············································································································.252.3.1 算术运算符 ································································································.252.3.2 关系运算符 ································································································.262.3.3 逻辑运算符 ································································································.272.3.4 运算优先级 ································································································.282.4 字符串 ···············································································································.292.4.1 字符串的构造 ·····························································································.292.4.2 字符串的比较 ·····························································································.312.4.3 字符串查找和替换函数 ·················································································.322.4.4 字符串与数值的转换 ····················································································.322.5 本章小结 ············································································································.33第3 章 向量与矩阵 ········································································································.343.1 向量 ··················································································································.353.1.1 创建向量 ···································································································.353.1.2 向量的加减乘除运算 ····················································································.363.1.3 向量的点积和叉积运算 ·················································································.373.2 矩阵 ··················································································································.383.2.1 矩阵的构造 ································································································.383.2.2 矩阵的拓展与裁剪 ·······················································································.393.2.3 矩阵下标引用 ·····························································································.423.2.4 矩阵信息的获取 ··························································································.433.2.5 矩阵结构的改变 ··························································································.443.3 稀疏矩阵 ············································································································.453.3.1 创建和查看稀疏矩阵 ····················································································.453.3.2 稀疏矩阵的运算规则 ····················································································.463.4 本章小结 ············································································································.47第4 章 矩阵运算 ···········································································································.484.1 矩阵分析 ············································································································.494.1.1 范数 ·········································································································.494.1.2 矩阵的秩 ···································································································.504.1.3 矩阵的行列式 ·····························································································.504.1.4 矩阵的迹 ···································································································.514.1.5 矩阵的正交空间 ··························································································.514.1.6 矩阵的化零矩阵 ··························································································.514.1.7 矩阵的约化行阶梯形式 ·················································································.52目录VII4.1.8 矩阵空间之间的夹角 ····················································································.524.2 线方程组 ·········································································································.534.2.1 线方程组问题 ··························································································.534.2.2 线方程组的一般解 ····················································································.534.2.3 恰定方程组的求解 ·······················································································.544.2.4 超定线方程组的求解 ·················································································.544.3 矩阵分解 ············································································································.554.3.1 对称正定矩阵的Cholesky 分解 ·······································································.554.3.2 一般方阵的高斯消元法 ·················································································.564.3.3 矩形矩阵的正交分解 ····················································································.574.4 矩阵的特征值和特征向量 ·······················································································.584.5 非线矩阵运算 ···································································································.594.5.1 矩阵指数运算 ·····························································································.594.5.2 矩阵对数运算 ·····························································································.604.5.3 矩阵开平方运算 ··························································································.604.5.4 一般非线矩阵运算 ····················································································.614.6 本章小结 ············································································································.61第5 章 数学函数 ···········································································································.625.1 初等函数运算 ······································································································.635.1.1 三角函数 ···································································································.635.1.2 指数和对数函数 ··························································································.645.1.3 复数函数 ···································································································.655.1.4 截断和求余函数 ··························································································.665.2 特殊数算 ································································································.675.2.1 特殊函数 ···································································································.675.2.2 坐标变换函数 ·····························································································.715.2.3 数论函数 ···································································································.715.3 本章小结 ············································································································.72第6 章 数据绘图 ···········································································································.736.1 二维图形的绘制 ···································································································.746.1.1 plot 二维绘图命令 ·······················································································.746.1.2 多次叠图和多子图操作 ·················································································.776.1.3 fplot 二维绘图命令 ······················································································.796.1.4 ezplot 二维绘图命令 ·····················································································.806.2 三维图形的绘制 ···································································································.816.2.1 plot3 ·········································································································.816.2.2 三维网格图和三维曲面图的绘制 ·····································································.82MATLAB R2020a 入门、精通与实战VIII6.2.3 其他三维绘图命令 ·······················································································.836.3 特殊图形的绘制 ···································································································.856.3.1 二维特殊图形函数 ·······················································································.866.3.2 三维特殊图形函数 ·······················································································.926.3.3 特殊坐标轴函数 ··························································································.956.3.4 四维表现图（三维体切片平面） ·····································································.986.4 本章小结 ············································································································.99第7 章 图形处理 ··········································································································.1007.1 图形标识 ···········································································································.1017.1.1 坐标轴与图形标注 ······················································································.1017.1.2 图形的文本标注 ·························································································.1027.1.3 图例的标注 ·······························································································.1037.2 图形控制 ···········································································································.1047.2.1 图形数据取点 ····························································································.1047.2.2 坐标轴控制 ·······························································································.1057.2.3 视角与透视控制 ·························································································.1087.2.4 图形色彩控制 ····························································································.1117.2.5 光照控制 ··································································································.1157.3 图形窗口的操作 ··································································································.1177.3.1 图形窗口的创建 ·························································································.1187.3.2 图形窗口的菜单操作 ···················································································.1187.3.3 图形窗口工具栏 ·························································································.1227.3.4 图形的打印与输出 ······················································································.1247.4 本章小结 ···········································································································.124第8 章 程序设计 ··········································································································.1258.1 M 文件 ··············································································································.1268.1.1 函数 ········································································································.1268.1.2 脚本 ········································································································.1278.2 语法规则 ···········································································································.1288.2.1 程序设计中的变量 ······················································································.1288.2.2 编程方法 ··································································································.1308.2.3 顺序语句 ··································································································.1308.2.4 循环语句 ··································································································.1308.2.5 条件语句 ··································································································.1318.2.6 其他流程控制语句 ······················································································.1338.3 程序调试 ···········································································································.1348.3.1 直接调试法 ·······························································································.1348.3.2 工具调试法 ·······························································································.135目录IX8.3.3 程序调试命令 ····························································································.1378.3.4 程序剖析 ··································································································.1388.4 程序设计与实现 ··································································································.1428.4.1 建立数学模型 ····························································································.1428.4.2 代码编写 ··································································································.1438.5 本章小结 ···········································································································.144第9 章 数值计算 ··········································································································.1459.1 线方程组的解法 ·······························································································.1469.1.1 解线方程组的直接法 ················································································.1469.1.2 解线方程组的迭代法 ················································································.1489.1.3 利用MATLAB 求解线方程组 ·····································································.1509.2 数值方法 ·····································································································.1539.2.1 插值 ········································································································.1539.2.2 曲线拟合 ··································································································.1589.2.3 数值积分 ··································································································.1619.3 常微分方程（组）的数值求解 ················································································.1639.3.1 常微分方程初值问题的离散化 ·······································································.1649.3.2 常微分方程初值问题 ···················································································.1659.4 数据分析和多项式 ·······························································································.1709.4.1 基本数据分析函数 ······················································································.1709.4.2 多项式函数 ·······························································································.1739.5 本章小结 ···········································································································.175第10 章 符号计算 ········································································································.17610.1 符号运算入门 ···································································································.17710.1.1 求方程的根 ·····························································································.17710.1.2 求函数的导数 ··························································································.17710.1.3 求解微分方程 ··························································································.17810.2 符号对象的创建和使用 ·······················································································.17810.2.1 创建符号对象和表达式 ··············································································.17810.2.2 符号对象的基本运算 ·················································································.18110.3 符号表达式的操作 ·····························································································.18210.3.1 符号表达式的替换 ····················································································.18210.3.2 精度计算 ································································································.18310.3.3 符号表达式的化简 ····················································································.18410.4 符号微积分及其变换 ··························································································.18610.4.1 符号表达式的微分运算 ··············································································.18610.4.2 符号表达式的级数与积分 ···········································································.18810.4.3 符号积分变换 ··························································································.189MATLAB R2020a 入门、精通与实战X10.5 符号矩阵的计算 ································································································.19110.5.1 代数基本运算 ··························································································.19110.5.2 线代数运算 ··························································································.19110.5.3 特征值分解 ·····························································································.19210.5.4 约当标准型 ·····························································································.19210.5.5 奇异值分解 ·····························································································.19310.6 符号方程求解 ···································································································.19310.6.1 代数方程的求解 ·······················································································.19410.6.2 微分方程的求解 ·······················································································.19510.7 可视化数学分析窗口 ··························································································.19610.7.1 图示化符号函数计算器 ··············································································.19610.7.2 Taylor 级数分析器···············································································.19710.8 本章小结 ·········································································································.198第11 章 句柄图形 ········································································································.19911.1 句柄图形体系 ···································································································.20011.1.1 图形系统 ································································································.20011.1.2 句柄图形的概念 ·······················································································.20011.1.3 对象属及其检测和变更 ···········································································.20211.2 图形对象的操作 ································································································.20511.2.1 创建图形对象 ··························································································.20611.2.2 查找对象 ································································································.20711.2.3 图形对象的位置 ·······················································································.20811.2.4 文本对象的位置 ·······················································································.20911.3 属默认值和factory 属及打印位置 ····································································.21111.3.1 设置属默认值 ·······················································································.21111.3.2 factory 属 ·····························································································.21411.3.3 打印位置 ································································································.21411.4 句柄的使用方法 ································································································.21511.4.1 访问对象句柄 ··························································································.21511.4.2 使用句柄操作图形对象 ··············································································.21611.4.3 删除对象 ································································································.21711.4.4 控制图形输出 ··························································································.21711.4.5 在M 文件中保存句柄 ················································································.21911.5 句柄图形的应用举例 ··························································································.22011.6 本章小结 ·········································································································.222第12 章 输入与输出 ·····································································································.22312.1 文件的打开与关闭 ·····························································································.22412.1.1 打开文件 ································································································.224目录XI12.1.2 关闭文件 ································································································.22512.2 文件的读取与写入 ·····························································································.22512.2.1 读取二进制文件 ·······················································································.22512.2.2 写入二进制文件 ·······················································································.22712.2.3 写入文本文件 ··························································································.22812.2.4 读取文本文件 ··························································································.23012.2.5 文件格式化和二进制输入/输出比较 ······························································.23112.3 文件位置控制和状态函数 ····················································································.23312.3.1 exist 函数 ································································································.23412.3.2 ferror 函数 ·······························································································.23512.3.3 feof 函数 ·································································································.23512.3.4 ftell 函数 ·································································································.23512.3.5 frewind 函数 ····························································································.23512.3.6 fseek 函数 ·······························································································.23512.4 本章小结 ·········································································································.237第13 章 Simulink 仿真 ·································································································.23813.1 Simulink 概论 ····································································································.23913.1.1 Simulink 简介···························································································.23913.1.2 启动Simulink ··························································································.23913.1.3 Simulink 模型的特点··················································································.24113.1.4 Simulink 实例···························································································.24313.2 Simulink 模型创建 ······························································································.24513.2.1 模块操作 ································································································.24513.2.2 信号线操作 ·····························································································.24613.2.3 模型的注释 ·····························································································.24813.2.4 系统建模和系统仿真的基本步骤 ··································································.24913.2.5 信源Source ·····························································································.25313.2.6 信宿Sink ································································································.25913.2.7 过零检测 ································································································.26413.2.8 仿真配置 ································································································.26613.2.9 启动仿真 ································································································.27013.3 子系统的创建与封装 ··························································································.27113.3.1 子系统介绍 ·····························································································.27113.3.2 创建子系统 ·····························································································.27213.3.3 封装子系统 ·····························································································.27313.4 仿真模型的分析 ································································································.27613.4.1 确定模型的状态 ·······················································································.27613.4.2 平衡点的分析 ··························································································.277MATLAB R2020a 入门、精通与实战XII13.4.3 微分方程的求解 ·······················································································.27813.4.4 代数环 ···································································································.27913.5 仿真的运行 ······································································································.28013.5.1 启动仿真 ································································································.28013.5.2 仿真的配置 ·····························································································.28113.5.3 观测仿真结果 ··························································································.28513.5.4 仿真调试 ································································································.28613.6 S 函数 ·············································································································.28713.6.1 S 函数的工作原理 ·····················································································.28713.6.2 编写S 函数 ·····························································································.28713.7 Simulink 与MATLAB 结合建模实例 ·······································································.29113.8 本章小结 ·········································································································.294附录A Simulink 模块库 ·······························································································.295参考文献 ·······················································································································.304